Which ethical principle is primarily concerned with avoiding harm to patients?

Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle that emphasizes the obligation to avoid causing harm to patients. This principle is foundational in medical ethics, asserting that healthcare providers must not inflict harm intentionally and must consider the potential risks and harm associated with treatment options. By adhering to nonmaleficence, healthcare professionals prioritize patient safety and well-being, guiding their decision-making processes to minimize any adverse effects of their actions.

In contrast, autonomy focuses on the right of patients to make informed decisions about their own healthcare. Beneficence relates to the obligation of healthcare providers to act in the best interests of the patient and promote their well-being, which may involve taking actions that could have associated risks. Justice concerns the fair distribution of healthcare resources and ensuring that patients receive equitable care. Therefore, nonmaleficence specifically addresses the principle of not causing harm, making it the most appropriate answer in this context.