What ethical considerations surround the concept of surrogate decision-making?

The ethical consideration that centers around the concept of surrogate decision-making is that surrogates must prioritize the wishes and best interests of the patient they are representing. This principle is grounded in the notion of autonomy, which emphasizes that individuals have the right to make decisions about their own healthcare. When a patient is unable to make decisions for themselves—due to incapacitation or lack of decision-making capacity—surrogates are appointed to step in and act on behalf of the patient.

In this role, surrogates are expected to understand and reflect the values, preferences, and previously expressed wishes of the patient when making healthcare decisions. This means that their decisions should not stem from personal bias or preference but rather from a deep understanding of what the patient would choose if they were able to communicate their desires.

The role of surrogates involves a significant fiduciary duty, requiring them to act in good faith and to place the patient's interests above their own. This ethical standard is crucial in ensuring that patients receive care that respects their dignity and their rights as individuals, even when they cannot advocate for themselves.

Thus, the emphasis on surrogates respecting the patient’s wishes is vital because it not only aligns with ethical norms in healthcare but also upholds the values of