Covered entities (CEs) can use and disclose protected health information (PHI) without permission in some circumstances. Which of the following is one example?

The correct choice illustrates that covered entities (CEs) have the ability to use and disclose protected health information (PHI) without seeking patient permission when it pertains to treatment, payment, or healthcare operations. Specifically, when other healthcare providers require access to a patient’s PHI to provide necessary treatment, the law permits this sharing of information as it directly impacts the care that the patient receives. In these situations, ensuring continuity of care is paramount, and thus the sharing of PHI is considered essential and ethically justified under the provisions of laws like HIPAA.

In contrast, marketing health services typically requires patient consent due to its nature as a promotional activity rather than direct care. Communication with family members may demand explicit consent unless the patient is incapacitated or there is an emergency situation. Insurance auditing, while often related to payment or operations, usually has more stringent regulatory requirements that may entail additional aspects of patient consent or notification depending on the context.